Human beings and their actions are not an exception to the rule that everything has been created and predestined. Allah knows the deeds of His servants whom He will and He knows what they will. Wrote all this in the table preserved (at Lauha to Mahfooz). Allah created the way he did in his infinite wisdom, and His purpose about them will be fulfilled without fail. Beings act according to the plan of Allah. Allah has designated that some beings have to follow the guide, and has also designated other beings have lost and diverted. Allah knows the dwellers of Paradise and facilitates the actions that will make you earn your income, and meet the people of Hell and facilitates their actions will lead to punishment.
The texts we have quoted above provide sufficient evidence of this concept and there is no need to repeat them. But there are many other texts which also provide clear evidence about this. Allah says:
(Allah is He Who created you and what you do.) (37:96)
(And all that wrought is recorded in the book of his works.) (54:52)
(Allah created you from dust [Adam], after simple sperm [all offspring], then you join in marriage [and I multiplicáis] and not a woman conceives and gives birth but with His knowledge, and not older man, or shorten the lifespan of others, without recorded in a Book [Table Protected], in truth, this is easy for Allah.) (35:11)
(A Allah who will aim to guide and those who go astray are the losers.) (7:178)
(Your Lord knows best who stray from His Path, and who follow the guide.) (16:125)
There are numerous ahadith, which reach more mutaûâtir [1], meaning that the Lord of created beings know what they will do, He has decreed according to his purpose. He knows the fate of people, if future inhabitants of Paradise and condemned to Hell. But at the same time has told us (the Prophet) that divine predestination (qadar) is not a reason why people should not strive to “Be strong, because each person will be guided to do those things for which was essentially created. “
Texts indicate that Allah has appointed the acts of his servants
(1) The Hadith that indicate that the pen has been lifted and the ink dried on the actions of people and events are consistent with those plans materialize
Muslim narrated in his Saheeh that Jabir said, “Suraqah Ibn Malik said, ‘Messenger of Allah! Tell our religion as we had just been created. What we should work today? Is it related to the fact that the pen ink has dried, the plan has been issued, or is related to something that will be decided? He said, ‘No, it relates to the fact that the pen ink has dried and the divine plan has been issued. ” He asked: ‘Why then do we strive? “He said,’ Be strong, because each person will be provided to act (according to his purpose).” [2]
Tirmidhi narrated in his book Sunan that ‘Omar Ibn al Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah: “Messenger of Allah! How we act, is due to our own initiative or is it something that has already been appointed? “I replied,” It’s something that has already been appointed. Because each person will be provided to act (according to his plan). If the blessed, made works that lead to Paradise and if he is convicted, will work to drive it to hell. “Tirmidhî said:” This is an acceptable and true hadith (hasan hadeeth). [3]
(2) Allah knows who will go to Paradise and who will go to Hell
Bukhari recorded that Ibn Imran Hussain said: “A man asked: ‘Messenger of Allah, what is already known who will go to Paradise and who will go to Hell?” He replied: “Yes.” He then asked, ‘Then why human beings work? “He said,” All we will act according to the destiny for which we were created, and it will be easier to work (according to predestination). “
Muslim narrated in his Saheeh that ‘Ali said: “We were at a funeral in Baqi’ al Garqad [4] and the Messenger of Allah came to us. He sat down and then we sat around him. I had a small branch, and lowered his head and began drawing lines on the ground. Then he said: ‘None of you, there is no soul, which Allah has not appointed his place in Paradise or Hell, blessed or damned. “
A man asked: “Messenger of Allah! Why not rely on what has already been written, and we stop doing? “He replied:” Who is one of the blessed, will act as a blessed, and who is one of those convicted will work like hell. “Then he said: “Be strong, that every human being will be provided to act according to their destination. Those who are blessed, will be provided to act as blessed. Who is a convicted, will be provided to act as condemned. “Then he recited:
(Anyone who does with what Allah has prescribed and than what He has forbidden, and believe in the sublime [that there is none has the right to be worshiped except Allah] will pave the path of goodness. And, who is greedy and think you can do without [of Allah], and belies the sublime. Do not pass on the road will prevent evil.) (92: 1-10)
(3) Humanity was removed from inside of Adam and designated into two groups: the dwellers of Paradise and the inhabitants of Hell
Our Prophet told us that after creating Adam, God drew his descent from the inside, and designated the inhabitants of Paradise and the inhabitants of Hell.
Malik, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud narrated that Ibn Muslim Iasâr said: “‘Omar Ibn al Khattab said about aayah
(And your Lord created Adam from their offspring and made all testify [saying]: ‘Am I not your Lord? Replied: Yes, we testify. This is for the Day of Resurrection not say, did not know [ that Allah was our Lord].) (7:172)
He said, ‘Omar,’ I heard the Messenger of Allah was asked about the matter and said: “Allah created Adam, then stroked his back with his right hand and took out all his descendants. He said: “I created these for Paradise, and shall act as inhabitants of Paradise.” Then patted her back (Adam), and took more of his progeny and said: “I created these for Hell, and they will act as the inhabitants of Hell.” The man asked: “What should we do good deeds ? “The Messenger of Allah said:” If God created a person to dwell in Paradise, provided they hold him as the blessed in Paradise, until he dies doing one of the characteristics of the intended work to Paradise, and then enter Paradise by virtue of that work. If He created a person to dwell Hell, they hold as it would facilitate the people of Hell, until I die for the sins committed by a characteristic of the damned in Hell, then Hell would enter under the work. “[5 ]
Imam Ahmad narrated in his book Al Musnad with a chain of transmission authentic (saheeh isnaad) that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “The Messenger of Allah said:’ Allah, speaking of the descendants of Adam in Nu’man-ie ‘Arafah. He pulled her back to all his offspring and spread them before him like tiny ants, then said:
(“Am I not your Lord? Replied: Yes, we testify. This is for the Day of Resurrection not say, did not know [that Allah was our Lord] and say, ‘Surely our fathers were idolaters, and we are only their descendants, Are you going to punish us for what those liars?) (7:172-173). “[6]
Ahmad narrated in his book Al Musnad with a chain of reliable narrators of Abu Darda that the Prophet said: “Allah created Adam when He created it, then hit him in the right shoulder and his children grew white, like little ants. Then he struck his left shoulder and his children went black as ashes. He told those who were on the right: ‘In Paradise’ and said those who were left: ‘To Hell. “[7]
The Messenger of Allah said in another hadith: “Allah created His creation in the dark, then illuminated by His light. Anyone who has been enlightened by that light will be guided, and who has not been lit will be diverted. So I say that the pen ink has dried according to knowledge of Allah. “[8]
(4) Allah has written the names of the people of Paradise and the people of Hell
Tirmidhî reported in his book Sunan that ‘Abdullah Ibn’ Amr Ibn Al ‘As he said: “The Messenger of Allah came to us with two books in his hands and said,’ Did you know that these books contain?” We said, ‘No Messenger of Allah, do not know unless you tell us. ” About the book he held in his right hand said: ‘This is a book of Lord of the Universe. It contains the names of the people of Paradise, and the names of their parents and families. They are all written down, every last one of them, no name will be added or removed. ‘Then he said about the book he carried in his left hand:’ This is a book of Lord of the Universe. It contains the names of the people of Hell, and the names of their parents and families. They are all written down, every last one of them, no name will be added or removed. “
His Companions said: ‘So what we do, O Messenger of Allah, if everything has already been appointed? “He said:’ Do the right thing and do it so well as you can, because the person who is destined to die at work one of Paradise characteristic actions of the inhabitants of Paradise, no matter how much you have done before, and he who is destined for Hell will die doing one of the characteristics of the people of Hell, no matter what he has done before. “Then the Messenger of Allah books aside and said, ‘Your Lord has completed the issue of His servants, some will be in Paradise, and some will be in Hell. “[9]
(5) The design of the night’s plan (Laîtatul Qadr) and the design day (every day)
We mentioned earlier that Allah gave His designs for the creation fifty thousand years before He created them. The Qur’an and Sunnah indicate that there are two types of designs: the annual plan and daily plan. The annual plan takes place on the night of decree (Laylatul Qadr), tonight is transferred from the book mother (Umm Al Kitab) who will be born, people die, livelihoods, rainfall, etc.
Allah says:
(We have revealed in a blessed night [the Night of Decree in the month of Ramadan]. And by the way that We warned [the punishment]. It is decreed every matter wisely. Everything happens for our purpose, and indeed We send to [Messengers].) (44:3-5)
As for the daily plan is to realize the designs in the predestined time. Allah says:
(All who dwell in the heavens and the earth will cry, and he is every day on a topic.) (55:29)
Munib Ibn Jarir narrated that Ibn ‘Abdullah that his father said:’ The Messenger of Allah recited this verse, and we said, ‘Messenger of Allah, to which question you mean? “He said:” To forgive sins, rid of distress, increase the range of a and decrease that of others. “
The comments of the exegetes of the Qur’an on this Aleya agree that Allah gives every day life and death, creating new things and gives them their provision and sustenance, gives glory to some people and humiliates others, heal the sick, relieve the pains of the afflicted, answer to those who beg and plead, and countless other things that happen in His creation. [10]
(6) The writing of the plan of a person when it is a fetus in the womb
It has been recorded in the hadith that Allah sends an angel to the fetus in the womb, to write their livelihoods, their life span and whether it will be condemned (for Hell) or blessed (destined for Paradise). In Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim, it is narrated that ‘Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud said:
“Certainly the creation of each one of you meets in the womb: For forty days in embryonic form, then takes the form of clot for a similar period, then as a piece of meat for a period equal , then is sent an angel who breathes the spirit in him, and orders four cases: Write a living, the period of his life, his works and whether it will be blessed or condemned, by Allah, who there is no divinity but He, any of you work as a person of Paradise until there is between him and this (Paradise) rather than an arm (distance), then what is written will suffice, and people work as Fire Hell and enter it. And another person you work as a fire of Hell, until there is between him and it (hell) one arm (distance), and then you reach what had been written and work as a person of Paradise and enter into it. ” [11]
Is recorded in Saheeh al-Bukhari from Anas that the Prophet said: “Allah has set an angel in the womb, and he says, ‘Oh Lord, an embryo, O Lord, a clot, O Lord, a piece of meat. When Allah wants to complete his creation, he (the angel) said: ‘Oh Lord, male or female? Convicted “or blessed? What will it support? What is the duration of your life? “Everything that is written when the human being is in the womb.” [12]
Tirmidhî recorded in his book Sunan that Anas said: The Messenger of Allah said: “When Allah wills good for His slave, guides.” They said, “What leads you, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “It helps to perform a virtuous act before he dies. “[13]
Muslim narrated in his Saheeh that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah said: “A man can do as the people of Paradise for a long time, then your life ends with an action of the people of Hell, and a man can act as do the people of Hell for a long time, but then your life ends with an action of the people of Paradise. “[14]
Sahl ibn Sa’d narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:
“You can see a man doing the actions characteristic of the people of Paradise, but is one of the inhabitants of Hell, or a man acts directed by the people of Hell, but it is one of the dwellers of Paradise.” [ 15]
Worth mentioning because of the valuable lesson we can learn from it, the story of the man who reported that the Messenger was doomed to Hell. In Sahih al Bukhari recorded that Sahl ibn Sa’d during a military campaign of the Prophet was a man who stood out during the struggle. As I looked at the Prophet said: “Whoever wants to see a man among the people of Hell, watching this.”
One of the people followed him, and as she fought fiercely against idolaters, until he was injured. Then hastened his own death by suicide, driving his sword into his chest. The man (who had seen it) was quick to go to the Messenger and said: “I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah” that he asked: “Has to be this?” He said, “You said on guy: Anyone who wants to see a man among the people of Hell, watching this. “He was one of the bravest warriors in the struggle to defend Muslims, but I figured that would not die as well. When he was wounded, hastened his own death by suicide. “Said the Prophet:
“A person may act with the work features the people of Hell, and yet be a dweller of Paradise, or that a person can make work characteristics of the inhabitants of Paradise, and yet to inhabit Hell. What counts are the final works before his death. “[16]
[1] Mutauâtir: terminology used in the science of hadith, a hadith stating in particular that has been reported numerous times through a large number of narrators, which confirms its authenticity.
[2] Saheeh Muslim, 4 / 2040, hadith no. 2648.
[3] Tirmidhi, 4 / 445, hadith no. 2135.
[4] Baqi ‘al Garqad: cemetery at Medinah.
[5] Mishkat al Masabih, 1 / 34, hadith no. 95. Shaykh Nasruddin to Albania, said: ‘the narrators of this chain (isnaad) are reliable (ziqât) are the narrators who trusted in Bukhari and Muslim, but the chain is cut (munqati’), between Muslim and ibn Iasâr ‘Omar. But there are many stories that confirm this hadith.
[6] Mishkat al Masabih, 1 / 43.
[7] Mishkat al Masabih, 1 / 42.
[8] at Sunan Tirmidhi, 5 / 26, hadith no. 2642.
[9] at Sunan Tirmidhi, 4 / 450, hadith no. 2141. Tirmidhi said: “This is a hasan hadeeth Garib Sahîh see also Saheeh Sunan at Nasruddin to Tirmidhî by Sheikh Albani, 2 / 225.>
[10] This was mentioned by the author of the Qubûl Ma’âriy, 1 / 346.
[11] Bukhari. See Fath al Bari, 11/477. Also narrated by Muslim, 4 / 2037, hadith no. 2643.
[12] Bukhari, Fath al Bari, 11/477, Muslim, 4 / 2038, hadith no. 2646.
[13] at Sunan Tirmidhi, 4 / 450, no. 2142. Tirmidhî said: “This is a saheeh hasan hadeeth.
[14] Muslim, 4 / 2042, hadith no. 2651.
[15] Muslim, 4 / 2042, hadith no. 2651.
